ÒThe greater danger for
most of us lies not in setting our aim too high and falling short; but in
setting our aim too low, and achieving our mark."
Michelangelo, Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet,
(1475-1564)
This is a 5 unit course: 3 hours lecture and 6 hours of lab per week.
Text: Chemistry, A Molecular Approach, Tro
Password for Masreringchemistry
if using a used text (password comes with new text).
Lab Manual: Chemistry 142 Lab Manual
Office: Room 3216
Phone: 619-644-7325
Email: judy.dirbas@gcccd.edu
ipods, mp3 players, cell
phonesÉor the like will not be allowed during lecture or lab! Turn these items
off and put them away before class begins.
Course Description: Basic principles and calculations of chemistry with emphasis on the areas of thermodynamics, kinetics, aqueous equilibrium, coordination chemistry, nuclear chemistry, and an introduction to organic chemistry. The laboratory will demonstrate the concepts introduced in lecture and in addition will introduce qualitative analysis.
Upon successful
completion of this course the student will:
1. Analyze kinetic data for reaction order, and write the rate law for chemical reactions based on experimental data.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of reaction rates to temperature, concentration, and activation energy.
3. Explain the relationship between reaction mechanism and rate law.
4. Perform calculations involving equilibria of weak acids, weak bases and buffers.
5. Solve solution inventory problems for slightly soluble salts and complex ions.
6. Analyze titration curves of weak, strong and polyprotic acids and bases to determine concentrations and equilibrium constant values.
7. Calculate the Gibbs free energy for reactions and interpret the relationship between entropy, enthalpy, temperature and spontaneity.
8. Relate free energy to equilibrium constants.
9. Demonstrate understanding of standard reduction potentials in relationship to electrochemical cells.
10. Be able to calculate cell potentials to cells under non standard conditions.
11. Solve quantitative electrochemical problems.
12. Identify the components of an electrolytic or galvanic cell.
13. Explain colors of transition metal compounds in terms of ligand field theory.
14. Classify substances on the basis of their chemical reactivity.
15. Describe different types of isomerism in organic and inorganic compounds.
16. Analyze and balance nuclear equations.
17. Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of fission, fusion, transmutation, and natural radioactive decay.
18. Classify organic compounds on the basis of structure and functional group.
19. Name and draw structures for the major classes of organic compounds.
20. Demonstrate proficiency in qualitative inorganic analytical techniques, computer data acquisition and analysis.
There will be four exams and one final exam this semester. The four exams will be given as per the schedule. The final is comprehensive and will be given during our scheduled time in finals week.
Quizzes will be given every week that an exam is not scheduled. It is very important for you to stay current and seek assistance when it is needed.
It is recommended that you keep a file of all work done to use for study material and as a record of scores.
We will meet for lab two days a week. It is important for you to read the experiment prior to coming to lab. You must complete any pre-lab questions. You will be given a lab quiz at the start of each new experiment. Labs should be written up as formal labs reports. Please see the guidelines at the end of this syllabus for the format. If you have any questions, please ask.
Registration should be completed before checking into lab. If registered late, bring your validated receipt to lab. You are responsible for any lost or broken equipment in the laboratory and will be charged for all missing equipment at the end of the semester. In a addition, a fee will be assessed for any student who fails to check out of the laboratory.
Homework
Homework problems from your text will be assigned and are to be completed in a 8½ x 11 spiral bound notebook with numbered pages. Make a table of contents using the first 1-2 pages and record the starting page for each homework assignment. Homework notebook will be checked in the laboratory.
Tro
Homework
Kinetics (Ch. 13): 27, 33,41,49,53,63,65,69,75,85,89,95,97
Equilibrium (Ch. 15): 35,39,45,49,51,63,67,75, 79,93,97,101,109,111,119
Applications
of Equilibrium (Ch. 16):35,41,49,51,57,61,65,67,79,97,99,95,109
Thermodynamics (Ch. 17):
29,33,35,41,43,49,51,57,63,67,75,85
Electrochemistry
(Ch. 18):37,41,43,45,49,51,53,55,65,67,75,79,87,91,99,115,117
Coordination
Chem (Ch. 24):all odds
Nuclear
Chem (Ch. 19): 33,37,41,43,49,53,59,67,69,83
Organic
Chem (Ch. 20): 41,43,49,53,59
Additional Homework problems and worksheets will be assigned in class and turned in on given due dates.
Academic Integrity
The faculty and the college have determined that
integrity and honesty are essential to the academic process and that it is
necessary that the written materials submitted by each student in a class
reflect his or her own work for that class.
ADACEMIC INTEGRITY POLICY
Submitting work as oneÕs own which has been done
either all or part by another is defined as CHEATING. Students found cheating will receive an ÒFÓ for the course.
ÒCHEATINGÓ includes but is not limited to the
following:
1. The possession or use of unauthorized materials such
as crib notes or unauthorized copies of exam material.
2. Copying from another personÕs quiz or exam or
allowing another person to copy oneÕs examination material.
3. Copying another personÕs lab data and turning it in
as oneÕs own or allowing another person to copy oneÕs data.
4. Using a calculator or computer which contains stored
information that can be used while taking a quiz or exam.
5. The possession and/or use at the students work area
of a personal communications device during exams or quizzes.
6. Submitting a false report for work that was not
actually done.
7. Modifying or attempting to modify an answer on an
exam after it has been returned and then claiming it was graded incorrectly.
We hope that each student will support this policy
and realize the importance of honesty and integrity in his or her academic
effort!
Cheating can result in any one of a variety of sanctions. Such penalties may range from an adjusted grade on the particular exam, paper, project, or assignment to a failing grade in the course. The instructor may also summarily suspend the student for the class meeting when the infraction occurs, as well as the following class meetings. For further clarification and information on these issues, please consult with your instructor or contact the office of the Assistant Dean of Student Affairs.
ATTENDANCE: Regular
attendance is expected. Excessive
absence (3 absences) may result in being dropped from the class.
Grading
Those enrolled at the end of the semester must receive a letter grade unless they have chosen the CR/NCR option. An ÒincompleteÓ may be arranged for completion of a particular item such as the final exam with sufficient cause. Withdrawal or CR/NCR grading is available through admissions and records.
Grading Criteria
|
Exams |
35% |
|
Final Exam |
10% |
|
Homework |
5% |
|
Quizzes |
15% |
|
Lab Reports |
35% |
|
Total |
100% |
Approximately 89% will earn an A, 79 % a B, 65% a C and 55% a D
grade. Please note anyone with
less than a 55% average on the exams, including the final, or the labs will
receive an F. Also, the final
grade will be no higher than one letter grade higher than the exam average.
All grades may be
subject to a
( +/-) 1-2 % instructor evaluation of the student. (Evaluation may be based on homework,
class participation, etc.)
Additional Chemistry Assistance
There is a free tutoring service in the library. Chemistry instructors are available to all students during ÒopenÓ help times. Chemistry 142T, the computer drill course is highly recommended.
Computer tutorials are available to anyone who registers for Chemistry 142T. They are useful study tools and completion of 85% of these drills will earn 1 unit of credit.
Student Accessibility
For accommodations due to a disability, please see your instructor within the first two weeks of the semester. Students with disabilities who may need accommodations in this class are encouraged to notify the instructor and contact Disabled Student Programs & Services (DSPS) early in the semester so that reasonable accommodations may be implemented as soon as possible. Students may contact DSP&S in person in Room 110 or by telephone at (619) 644-7112 or (619) 644-7119 (TTY for deaf).
Chemistry 142 Tentative Schedule-
Fall 2008
|
Week |
Lecture (TTh) |
Lab (MW) |
|
08-25-08 |
Ch 13- Kinetics –Tro |
Check-in;Lecture- kinetics |
|
Experiment 5- The Kinetics of the Dissociation of H2O2 |
||
|
09-01-08 |
Kinetics-continued Sept 5th,
last day to drop without W |
Holiday-Labor
Day |
|
Exp 6- oxidation of dichromate |
||
|
09-08-08 |
Chemical Equilibrium –a review Ch 15- Acid-Base Equilibria – Tro |
Experiment 6-conÕt |
|
Experiment 1- Determining Ka |
||
|
09-15-08 |
Ch 15-continued |
Experiment 2 – pH indicators |
|
Experiment 2- conÕt |
||
|
09-22-08 |
Ch 16-Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium - Tro |
Problem Session I |
|
Exam I-Ch 13,15 |
||
|
09-29-08 |
Ch16 – continued |
Experiment 4-Titration Curves |
|
Exp 4-conÕt |
||
|
10-06-08 |
Ch 16- continued |
Experimet 3- Solubility Product |
|
10-13-08 |
Ch 17 – Free Energy and Thermodynamics- Tro |
Experiment 10 – Analysis of a Cation Mixture |
|
10-20-08 |
Ch 17 – continued |
Experiment 11- Group I Cations |
|
Experiment 12 – Group II Cations |
||
|
10-27-08 |
Chapter 18- Electrochemistry- Tro a |
Problem Session |
|
Exam II- Ch 16, 17 |
||
|
11-03-08 |
Ch 18 – continued |
Experiment 12- continued |
|
Experiment 7 -Electrochemistry |
||
|
11-10-08 |
Holiday-VeteranÕs Day Nov 14th –last day to drop |
Experiments 8 and 9 – Electrochem (b) and Corrosion |
|
Ch 24 – Transition metals and Coordination Compounds |
||
|
11-17-08 |
Coordination chemistry – conÕt |
Experiment 13 |
|
Experiment 13 – conÕt |
||
|
11-24-08 |
Chapter 19 – Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry |
Experiment 14- Anion Analysis |
|
Thanksgiving
Holiday |
Problem Session |
|
|
12-01-08 |
Nuclear-continued and start Ch 20-Organic Chemistry |
Exam III-Ch 18, 24 |
|
Experiment 15 – 5 solution analysis |
||
|
12-08-08 |
Chapter 20 – Organic Chemistry – conÕt |
Aspirin lab and Check Out L |
|
Exam IV- Ch 19,20 |
||
|
12-16-08 |
Final Exam 11:30 |
|
Title and date.
Data & Observations. This section will be written
as you perform the experiment; the data you collect and observations that you make are recorded here. Perhaps the easiest way to collect your data and observations is to paraphrase the procedure as you go through the steps and then enter your observation and data for that step. Simply enter a one- or two-line statement to describe the operation and immediately afterwards, record your data. You do not need to write complete, grammatically correct sentences in this section as it is understood that you will be concentrating on the experiment. Write all observations and data for the experiment in this section. This section is your rough draft for the report. As you record your data and observations, this section may become messy and unorganized which is to be expected. You may want to add a summary of your data in the form of tables, charts or lists to facilitate writing the report rather than trying to ÒhuntÓ through disjointed recordings.
Include experiment name, date, your name, instructor name, and section number.
The Introduction contains three major pieces of information, (1) the objective of the experiment, (2) the theory behind the experiment and (3) the method to be used. This section will not always be lengthy but it should be sufficient such that the reader can understand the purpose of the experiment simply by reading this section.
Objective. The Objective
of the experiment should be clearly stated at the beginning of the Introduction.
The objective (or goal) can usually be stated in one sentence or at most, a
short paragraph. The objective is not always conveniently given at the
beginning of each experiment in the lab manual. Often, the experiments in the
manual begin with some background information which helps to elucidate the
theoretical aspects of the experiment and it is left to the student to deduce
the purpose of the experiment. Occasionally, the goal is stated in the body of
this background text. Therefore, it is crucial that the student read each
experiment thoroughly before coming to lab so that an appropriate (and
accurate) objective can be formulated in your Introduction. This will also prepare the student for
the experiment itself.
Theory. Next, succinctly explain the theoretical
basis of the experiment and describe the method that will be used to
achieve the objective. In some experiments, there is very little ÒtheoryÓ that
can be discussed, for example, learning about a new lab technique or getting
familiar with a particular piece of lab equipment. In these cases, simply
describe how the technique or piece of equipment facilitates learning a new
skill. However, note that many lab instruments are based on scientific
principles and the student must decide whether a theoretical discussion
regarding the instrument or its use is appropriate; if in doubt, ask your
instructor. Some lab reports will
require a lengthier Introduction.
Some examples:
á Qualitative experiments that investigate a particular type of chemical reactivity need to address in the Introduction some of the pertinent concepts and theories that are presented in Chem 142 lecture.
á Experiments which involve chemical synthesis or the interconversion of one compound into another should include balanced chemical equations for each reaction that is part of the experiment; this should be part of the Introduction.
á Experiments that are much more quantitative in nature will require a brief discussion of the mathematical process to be used in calculating the final results; this should be part of the Introduction.
1. The objective answers the question, Òwhat is being investigated in this experiment?Ó
Suggestion: Carefully read the experiment, more than once, and create a mental list of the type(s) of information you will be collecting. Plan in advance; if you need a data table, decide on the number of columns in the table and column titles and consider how much room on a page you need for your table(s) (or charts, lists). The post-lab write-up cannot include any information which is not supported by the Data & Observation section.
2. Your method description answers the question, Òhow will the experiment be run?Ó
3. Your theoretical discussion answers the question,Ó why does this particular method apply to this experiment?Ó.
The length of the Introduction depends upon how much background material is included. If very little ÒtheoryÓ is discussed, the Introduction may be as short as one-half to three-fourths of a page. If there are several chemical equations that need to be included, the Introduction may be two to three pages in length. A well thought-out Introduction is the key to writing a good lab report; quality is more important than quantity (length).
You are not required to write out the experimental procedure. However, it is expected that the student will have read through the procedure (more than once) and understand the operations that are involved; it is essential that the student understand why each step is being done.
The only thing that needs to be written in this section is a complete reference for the procedure. Leave blank at least one-half of a page to include additions or changes (if any) that are given to you by your instructor.
The results from your experiment are always entered in this section. Recall in the Introduction that your objective asked the question, Òwhat is being investigated in this experiment?Ó. This is the place to answer that question. State your results clearly so the reader knows exactly what happened in the experiment but do not discuss the reasons for your results in this section. Tell the reader exactly what you obtained in the experiment, for example: quantitative results from an experiment (% composition of a substance) or qualitative results (compounds A, B and C were identified as acids, D, E and F were bases).
Whenever you include statistical treatment of your data, it is a result which should be entered in this section.
Show all set-ups for each type of calculation; be explicit! If you must perform the same calculation more than once, you do not have to write the set-up for each one, but it should be clear as to which set-up correlates to which calculation(s). Be sure to include the final results of all calculations- consistently highlight your final answers in some fashion, draw a box around the result, double-underline the result or place final results in a table or chart.
It is a good idea to organize your results in a table format to make it easier for the reader to understand the outcome of your experiment. If your D&O section has become messy and a bit unorganized, this is the place to Òclean it upÓ and present it to the reader with clarity.
The Discussion is used to explain your results; the previous section is used to present the results, this section is used to discuss these results. Ask yourself provocative questions such as: Do the results make sense, is there some data missing? Did you obtain a result different from your expectations?
Sometimes the data you obtain in an experiment is straight-forward and self-explanatory. In these cases, your discussion may be brief. However, most of the time, you will need to explain to the reader why you obtained a particular result, especially if your result is different than expected.
Think of the discussion as a conclusion to your Introduction. If you have presented the objective clearly along with the theoretical background and some comments about the method to be used, then discuss your results in this context. If you posed questions in your Introduction, answer those questions here. The discussion should also include error analysis (when appropriate): explain sources of error and how errors impact your results. Be sure to discuss only the connections between error analysis and your actual data and observations.
State the final result of your experiment in a concise and thorough manner. This section should be brief (often only a paragraph in length).
Give the answers to any questions appearing in the lab.
These may be handwritten if they involve calculations.
1. Provide at least two pages at the front of the notebook for a table of contents.
2. Always use non-erasable black or blue ink.
3. The top of each page should have your initials, the date and Expt # Chemistry 142 Lab Reports Jeff Lehman, Fall 2003
4. Always record data directly into notebook; do not use scratch paper
5. Record colors, phases, odors and texture of all substances you observe.
6. Turn in the the pages that have the perforations with your reports.
7. Do not remove any pages from your notebook except for those pages that are turned in with the reports.
8. To correct writing mistakes: draw a single line through the words or sentences you want to correct and place your initials after the deletion. To delete paragraphs, place a single X over the entire paragraph and initial the deletion. You may want to look at your deletions at some later date, this way, your original entries will be readable. Never use whiteout or try to black-out your writing mistakes!
9. Have instructor initial all pages on which you have recorded data before leaving lab for the day.